Self – rescue and first – aid measures that we can use in daily life, such as the Heimlich Maneuver and hemostasis and bandaging

Heimlich Maneuver：In daily life, foreign body asphyxia occurs from time to time, and in severe cases, it can even be life – threatening. During the event, doctors specifically introduced the Heimlich Maneuver for this emergency. For a standing patient, the rescuer should stand behind the patient, clench the fists with both hands from the sides of the waist to the front of the abdomen, overlap them, and use the thenar eminence to make rapid inward and upward impacts on the patient’s upper abdomen. In this way, the diaphragm is lifted, the thoracic pressure is increased, and the foreign body is expelled from the oral cavity. To make it easier for residents to understand intuitively, the doctors used a mannequin for on – site demonstrations and invited residents to come on stage for hands – on operations to experience the essentials of the first – aid actions personally. In addition, the doctors also mentioned that if there is no one to assist when foreign body asphyxia occurs, the patient can use the back – of – the – chair self – rescue method. Press the upper abdomen against the blunt back of the chair and continuously bend over and squeeze the abdomen until the foreign body is expelled.

Hemostasis and Bandaging：In the trauma first - aid session, doctors explained in detail the hemostasis methods for different bleeding situations. For general bleeding, residents only need to directly press a clean gauze or cloth on the bleeding site to effectively stop the bleeding. However, if there is severe bleeding in the limbs and pressure bandaging cannot stop the bleeding, a tourniquet can be used to tie the proximal end of the wound. But be sure to record the time and relax it for 1 - 2 minutes every hour to prevent limb ischemia and necrosis due to long - term ischemia. When bandaging, sterile gauze, bandages and other materials are the best choices, which can properly handle the wound and avoid infection. The residents listened very attentively. Many of them took the initiative to come on stage and, under the guidance of the doctors, tried to bandage the simulated wounded, transforming theoretical knowledge into practical operations.